Science
Science Review Sheets
Quarter 1
Energy Review Sheet
(prepared by Dr. Zalman and Mrs. Hagaman for the
Maxey Third Grade Energy Unit)
Vocabulary:
- Energy: the ability to cause a change in matter.
- Energy of motion: the energy that moving matter has. All moving things have energy. (Think about you moving around in our classroom.)
- Stored energy: energy in a matter that can cause that matter to move or change (Think of the Olympic swimmer on the stand ready to dive in.)
- Solar energy: the sun’s energy
- Temperature: a measure of how hot or cold something is
- Friction: a force that makes it hard for two objects to move past each other when the objects touch. When two objects rub against one another, their particles move faster, and heat is produced. (Think about rubbing your hands together quickly.)
- Conduction: the movement of heat by direct contact between particles of matter. (Think about our hanger experiment with the wax melting and tacks falling off.)
- Conductor: a material that heat travels through easily (Think about our experiment with the metal spoon, the plastic spoon, the wooden stick and the hot water. The metal spoon was the best conductor.)
- Insulator: a material that does not conduct heat well (Think about our experiment of trying to NOT melt the ice cube. You wrapped it up to insulate it, so it wouldn’t melt.)
- Convection: the movement of heat through liquids and gases
- Radiation: the movement of heat energy in the form of waves.
- Refraction: the “bending” of light as it passes from air through water (Think about our experiment when we placed a pen in a glass of water at an angle and how the pen looked bent.)
- Reflection: light that bounces back (Think about our experiments with mirrors.)
Other notes:
- Light energy travels in straight lines.
- Sound is produced by vibrating objects. The larger the mass, the slower the vibrations, the lower the sound. (Think about our experiments with the glass Coke bottles.)
- The larger the mass, the slower the vibrations, the lower the sound. (for example, if the bottle has a lot of water, and I tap on it, the sound is low; if the bottle has a lot of air, and I blow on it, the vibration is low.)
- The smaller the mass, the faster the vibrations, the higher the sound.
- Forms of energy:
- Heat: energy of motion of tiny particles
- Electrical: shocks, lightning, and electricity that runs through wires
- Mechanical: the moving parts in a machine
- Sound: energy you can hear. This comes from particles that are still vibrating.
- Light: Energy you can see. This comes from the sun, electric lamps, or burning matches.
- Chemical: Chemical energy is stored in matter. Gasoline, coal, wood, and matches have this stored energy.
Energy Unit Questions
- Is diving into a pool an example of energy of motion or stored energy? (energy of motion)
- A girl standing on the diving board has energy of motion or stored energy? (stored energy)
- This form of energy can be seen. This energy from the sun moves in waves through space. It can come from electric lamps and burning matches. (light)
- This form of energy you can hear. It comes from particles that vibrate back and forth rapidly. (sound)
- This energy can be felt. It causes the particles in matter to move more rapidly. (heat)
- How does light travel? (in straight lines)
- What energy change takes place in a Solar Collector? (it changes light energy from the sun into heat energy)
- Which would absorb more light energy – a black jar or a clear jar? (black)
- What are some examples of energy changing form? (electrical energy changes to light and heat in a light bulb; chemical energy in wood changes to heat and light when burned)
- What feature of light energy makes it different from other kinds of energy? (it’s visible)
- Explain energy changes that occur when you turn on a fan. (electrical to mechanical)
- Heat can move in what ways? (conduction, convection, or radiation)
- How does a pan warm up when it is placed on a stove burner? (the pan warms up particle by particle close to the heat source first)
- Does heat move better through metal, plastic, or wood? (metal)
- Why wouldn’t you want to make a pot holder out of metallic fiber? (it could carry heat to your hands, and you could get burned)
- What is the difference between heat and temperature? (heat is energy causing particles to move faster; temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is)
- Which would take longer to cool, a drop of hot water or a cup of hot water? (a cup, it has more heat)
- Why do people rub their hands together sometimes when they’re cold? (the friction warms their hands)
- What kind of material is a good heat conductor? (metal)
- What is not a good conductor? (plastic or wood)
- What do you call the way heat travels through gas and liquid? (convection)
- The movement of heat energy in the form of waves is called? (radiation)
Quarter 2
SIMPLE MACHINES
REVIEW SHEET
(Prepared by Dr. Zalman for the
Maxey Third Grade Simple Machines Unit)
(For each review sheet saved in "macrdomedia FLASHPAPER", to see the sheet in a larger version that you can actually read on your computer (or to print out the review sheet), click the second icon that looks like a box in a box.
The scroll bar on the side of the review sheet helps to indicate if the review sheet is more than one page -- if the scroll bar is not the full length of the page, this indicates the review sheet is more than one page.)
Quarter 3
Embryology Review Sheet
(prepared by Dr. Zalman and Mrs. Hagaman
for the Maxey Third Grade Embryology Unit)
Vocabulary
- Air Cell: The pocket of air in the wide part of the egg.
- Albumen: The watery semi-solid white of an egg. It provides the developing embryo with food and water.
- Candling: Holding an egg up to a light to see the shadow of the embryo and air cell.
- Chalazae: The two twisted strands (cords) of albumen at each end of the yolk. These anchor the yolk in the center of the shell.
- Embryology: The study of the development of embryos.
- Germ Spot: The “white spot” on a yolk. If the egg is fertilized and kept warm, then the embryo will begin to develop from this spot.
- Incubation: A process of keeping the eggs warm in order to hatch them.
- Pipping: The breaking of the egg shell by a chick when it is ready to be hatched. Chicks will begin pipping around the 21st day of incubation and will continue pipping for 1-6 hours before emerging from the shell.
- Shell: The hard protective covering of the egg. This has many tiny pores that allow air and moisture to pass in and out of the egg.
- Shell Membrane: The thin layers inside the shell. When the egg is cracked, these will usually stick to the shell.
- USDA: The abbreviation for United States Department of Agriculture.
- Yolk: The yellow of an egg. This is the primary source of food for a growing embryo.
Interesting Facts
- It takes 21 days from the time a fertilized egg is laid to the time the chick hatches.
- Chicks do not need to eat or drink for a day or two after they have hatched. Just before hatching, the remainder of the yolk is slowly drawn into the chick’s body.
- Two days before hatching, a chick pokes its beak through the shell membrane into the air space at the widest end of the egg and takes a breath. For the first time, the chick uses its lungs. The chick can be heard peeping from inside the egg.
- The egg-tooth is a sharp little bum located on the chick’s beak. It falls off a few days after it has helped the baby chick break open its shell.
- Eggs, which are used for eating, are not fertilized eggs.
- It is not unusual for a hen to lay over 200 eggs each year.
- A mother hen turns her eggs several times each day so that the egg is warmed evenly and the embryo will not stick to one side of the shell.
- When hatching, the chick first pecks a small hole (pip) in the shell. This is very hard work, and the chick must take a short sleep before beginning again. The chick pecks completely around the shell. After thousands of blows, the chick gives a big kick and bursts out of its shell.
- A newly hatched chick is wet, very tired, too weak to walk, and will rest. Gradually it becomes stronger. After a few hours, it is dried out, will start to move around, and looks like the soft, fluffy chick we usually see.
Incubation
- Temperature: Temperature is very important for fertile eggs to hatch. It is important to keep the temperature between 100° and 102° F.
- Humidity: Humidity is important for the embryo to develop. Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. Low humidity causes too much loss of water from the egg, while high humidity does not allow enough water loss.
- Turning the eggs: Turning prevents the chick embryo from sticking to the shell.
Landmarks in development
- Day 1: Very little can be seen at this time. Thins are getting organized. Some blood vessels might be seen near the end of the day.
- Day 2: Things are really getting organized. The heart and blood vessels begin to form. Near the end of the day, the heart can be seen beating. The yolk sac can be seen.
- Day 3: The embryo turns on its left side and we can really see the blood vessels. The wings and legs are beginning to develop.
- Day 4: All the organs are present…to be used in digestion, circulation of blood, and sending of nervous messages.
- Day 5: The wings and legs begin to bend at the elbows. The face begins to take shape.
- Day 6: The beak starts to form. Legs and wings can be seen easily. The embryo starts to move around on its own.
- Day 7: Development continues.
- Day 8: Places start to form where the feathers will grow.
- Day 9: the embryo really starts to look like a bird.
- Day 10: The beak begins to harden.
- Day 11: The lower body begins to take form. Digestive system is developing further.
- Day 12: The process continues.
- Day 13: “Down” begins to form on the body. Scales form on the legs and toenails. The muscles are forming quickly.
- Day 14: The embryo turns so that its head is towards the large end of the egg.
- Day 15: The process continues.
- Day 16: The beak, toenails, and scales are in place. The albumen is almost gone. The yolk is now a very important source of food.
- Day 17: The head is under the right wing and the beak is turned toward the air cell at the large end of the egg.
- Day 18: The process continues.
- Day 19: The yolk sac begins to be brought into the body. The beak breaks through the air cell and the embryo takes its first breath.
- Day 20: The yolk sac is inside the body. The embryo fills almost the entire space inside the egg. Breathing continues. The pipping of the shell begins. After pipping, the chick takes a nap. It will come out of the shell one to six hours later.
- Day 21: The chick hatches. The chick has an egg-tooth, which it uses to break open the shell. After breaking the shell all the way around it kicks itself out of the shell. It’s time to celebrate!
Quarter 4
Dinosaur Review Sheet
(prepared by Dr. Zalman and Mrs. Hagaman for the
Maxey Third Grade Dinosaurs and Fossils Unit)
(For each review sheet saved in "macrdomedia FLASHPAPER", to see the sheet in a larger version that you can actually read on your computer (or to print out the review sheet), click the second icon that looks like a box in a box.
The scroll bar on the side of the review sheet helps to indicate if the review sheet is more than one page -- if the scroll bar is not the full length of the page, this indicates the review sheet is more than one page.)